Saturday, January 25, 2020

Van Den Haag Regarding Capital Punishment Philosophy Essay

Van Den Haag Regarding Capital Punishment Philosophy Essay In this paper, I will examine the debate over legalizing the death penalty, specifically by referring to the writings of Turrow in To Kill Or Not To Kill and Van den Haag in On Deterrence and the Death Penalty. I will argue that in responding to Van den Haags positions for the death penalty, Turrow would more strongly object to the argument that rests on its justice on opposed to its value as deterrent. I will then consider the merit of the arguments on both sides with regards to justice, eventually concluding that Turrows points are most convincing. Although Turrow makes space in his article to refute arguments based on both deterrence and justice, his argument against deterrence is much shorter and open to criticism. It boils down to the fact that he has not encountered sufficient evidence that the presence of the death penalty results in lower instances of crime. Van den Haag gives several arguments as to why this fails to make a convincing argument against the practice. The ones that are given the most time are the theoretical reasoning that a higher penalty for an action increases deterrence and why the lack of evidence for deterrence should not cause us to assume it does not exist. Since Turrow does not concern himself with the theoretical grounds for deterrence, this argument is unlikely to convince him. If the facts do not back up this theorizing then there is little reason to base policy on it. Luckily, Van den Haag also responds to concerns about the lack of evidence showing that the presence of the death penalty has any deterrent effect on crime. While he admits that no evidence can be found that the death penalty reduces crime, we should not conclude that this effect is not present. Because there are so many factors that influence things like homicide rates, it is impossible to derive a causal relationship or lack thereof between magnitude of punishment and frequency of offense. As Van den Haag puts it, it is wrong to believe, lack of evidence for deterrence is evidence for the lack of deterrence, (Van den Haag, 145). This is accompanied by the claim on Van den Haags part that often criminals are not even aware of laws in their state regarding capital punishment, so its presence would not factor into their cost-benefit analysis. Now, an immediate question raised by this is: How can the death penalty deter criminals if they arent aware of its existence? Even though only part of Van den Haags appeal to deterrence seems to carry any weight to Turrow, the inability to draw any solid conclusion from statistical analysis should be enough to give Turrow pause, if not necessarily convince him. I will now argue that while Turrow may still disagree with the deterrence argument, he will object more strongly to the appeal to justice that Van den Haag gives. This is not to say that Turrow rejects the idea that justice should be an end we seek in punishing criminals. In his article, he makes several statements that would be nonsensical if this were not the case. Firstly he says, Ive always thought death-penalty proponents have a point when they say that it denigrates the profound indignity of murder to punish it in the same fashion as other crimes. (Turrow, 4) Turrow is not appealing to deterrence or potential for rehabilitation here in his argument for the death penalty. His objection is based on the fact that some crimes are so heinous that we must respond in kind for the sake of the moral order. It seems to me that restoring the moral order, is as good a definition of justice as any other. Now that I have concluded that both Van den Haag and Turrow see justice as a legitimate ground on which to base arguments for and against capital punishment, I must show that appealing to justice leads the two authors to different conclusions. Van den Haags appeal to justice is a very much utilitarian argument that is dependent upon his argument from deterrence. He argues that whatever way that we were to define injustice, the correct action should be that which results in the least injustice. This leads him to conclude that if we are concerned with innocent people being mistakenly given the death penalty, we must consider the number of innocents killed this way and compare it to the number of deaths that could have been prevented by deterrence and see if we have a net gain in innocents saved. He then goes on to argue that capital punishment deters enough would-be killers to make its legality just. Turrow would object more strongly to claims of justice than to deterrence because, as Van den Haag states, the validity of his justice argument is dependent on the validity of his deterrence argument. I have already mentioned that Turrow is skeptical of claims of deterrence. I turns out that even if he were to reverse his stance on deterrence, he would also disagree with Van den Haags reasoning for why this would make a system with capital punishment a just one. The main flaw that Turrow finds with capital punishment is its inability to be properly implemented within our justice system. He relates stories of his firsthand experience with cases in which men are given, or very nearly given, the death sentence for crimes they did not commit. This deeply troubles him, and he is not so willing to accept this tragedy as Van den Haag is by simply requiring that more innocent lives are saved by the act than are wrongfully executed. He simply states that, Now and then, we will execute someone who is innocentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Turrow, 7) He makes no reference to the number of people saved by this practice, because that number is not significant. Turrow seems to believe that wrongfully executing someone is far worse than the crime of murder enacted by an individual. This may be that the first is a sort of betrayal of the justice system, whereas the latter is simply a failure of it. Therefore, because Turrow would disagree with both the main argument (jus tice) and that which it relies upon (deterrence), his objection to justice would be the stronger of the two. I will now evaluate both arguments from each of these in regards to the justice of having a death penalty. Here I will assume that the argument for deterrence is valid and some innocent lives are spared since Van den Haags argument for justice is contingent upon this fact. As I have described it, the crux of this debate hinges on whether or not it is acceptable to allow some innocents to be executed in order to save more from would-be murderers who do not commit crimes out of fear of the death penalty. Van den Haag is satisfied as long as the number of innocents killed is less than without the death penalty whereas Turrow is against any system in which the innocent may be wrongfully given a death sentence. Something potentially overlooked by Van den Haag is that there may be more consequences to capital punishment being accepted than the accidental killing of innocents. The very idea that ones government may wrongfully convict you for a crime you did not commit could fray the trust that should theoretically exist between a citizen and the government designed to protect him or her. While this argument could certainly be made for any sort of crime, both authors make the distinction in the death penaltys irrevocability. If one has faith that the system may eventually discover its error (by no means certain), then a jail term can be ended and the victim compensated but this is not possible with death. This fear on the part of the citizen could lead to a lack of cooperation or assistance with the police in a case for fear that they will become a suspect. However, the argument that we should not inflict the death penalty because we may sentence the wrong person to death deserves a bit more analysis. The common point made by both authors is that it may be better to give a life-in-prison sentence because then any mistakes in conviction may be found and reversed. However, if this does not actually happen then this weakness of capital punishment does not actually exist. It would be worthwhile to examine statistics of how many prisoners serving life sentences are found to be innocent and released. This would give us insight as to how many innocent lives would be lost were capital punishment allowed, and be a mark in favor of prohibiting it. In other words, if life-in-prison sentences are never overturned then prisoners given them in lieu of the death penalty have no chance of being released so the increased chance of righting the wrong does not actually exist. Granted, this theoretical wrongfully accused person does gain life-in-prison as opposed to execution, but this seems like small consolation to a man who committed no crime. This is a measurable quantity, one that I suspect will come down in favor of prohibition. Of course, as with any objection to a utilitarian viewpoint, as the numbers become more and more extreme our convictions seem less concrete. Would we allow the wrongful execution of one man in order to deter the murders of one million? Because this case is quite unlikely, it does not bear much weight in my considerations. In this paper I have outlined reasons for which Turrow would object most strongly to Van den Haags defense of capital punishment on the grounds of justice, namely that wrongfully executing someone is far worse than failing to deter a murderer from doing the same. I have then considered the justice-based arguments of both authors and decided that, despite potential lives saved and pending statistical reinforcement, the societal consequences of capital punishment outweigh its benefits.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 8

8. Being the Chronicles of Abby Normal, in the Double-doomed Doghouse of Despair Do the condemned in hell know the suffering that is a whole day of mom-guilt heaped like steaming piles of bat guano upon my spiky magenta coif? (I went with magenta spikes with electric violet tips to express my outrage at being dragged from my home and imprisoned with the cruel Mombot and my crapacious little sister, Ronnie.) Evidently, Mother feels that we were too young to move in together only a week after meeting, and live in a stolen apartment with two of the undead and their stupid amounts of cash. Although she doesn't really know about the undead or the cash parts, but she made her point. ‘Kayso, I had like put on my red tartan wedding gown with the black veil and resolved myself to an all-day power-pout in the corner of the living room, coming up only to text Foo messages of my agony of missing him and change the channel and whatnot, when Jared called from the land-line at the love lair. So I'm all, â€Å"Speak, corpse-fluffer.† And Jared is all, â€Å"OMFG! The Countess is out, and she was naked, but now she's not, and she totally got blood all over your leather corset, and you have to come right now because the rats are freaking out and we need a hacksaw and a file.† And I'm all, â€Å"Uh-oh.† And Jared is all, â€Å"I know. I know. OMG! OMG!† And I'm all, â€Å"Is she pissed?† Sounding way more chill than I felt. And Jared pauses for a second like he's thinking it over, then he's all, â€Å"She's wearing your clothes and there's blood running all down the front of her and she's nodding and showing her fangs and shit.† So I'm like getting some perspective now-like when you're a kid and you think it sucks that you have to eat hydrogenated peanut butter on your PBJ, and then you see one of those starving commercial kids with the flies in their eyes, who don't even have a sandwich-and you're all, â€Å"Well, that sucks.† ‘Kayso, I'm thinking that maybe being under restriction in the mother unit's Fillmore stronghold isn't so bad when compared to having the Countess busting out her wrath on you for imprisoning her in bronze. So I'm like, â€Å"Sucks to be you, Jared. Byez.† And I offed my phone. So like five minutes go by, which I spend in my corner going, â€Å"Oh shit, oh shit, oh shit,† and whatnot, and the land-line rings. And Ronnie is all, â€Å"Are you going to get that?† from her room. And I'm all, â€Å"I didn't even know it was hooked up.† And she was all, â€Å"It's probably Mom checking up on you, so you might as well get it.† And I'm all, â€Å"Ronnie, answer it or I will murder you in your sleep and dump your body in the Bay.† And she's all, â€Å"‘Kay.† Then, â€Å"It's for you. It's some girl named Jody.† And Ronnie is all standing there with her shaved head and her nonexistent hip thrown out, like â€Å"So there, ho.† And I'm all, â€Å"Fucksocks!† And I take the phone and I'm like, â€Å"Hi, I have amnesia and don't remember anything for the last two months!† Because what do you say to someone who you had bronzed? And the Countess is all, â€Å"Abby, I'm not angry.† Which was a total lie, because I could hear that she was angry. She had that â€Å"I'm not angry† mom voice, even though she's only, like, twenty-six in real years. â€Å"So you're not going to kill me?† â€Å"We'll talk. Right now I need you to get a power drill and a hacksaw with extra blades and come to the loft.† And I'm all, â€Å"I don't know where to get stuff like that, and Foo's at work, and I'm on restriction, and I have to go to school tomorrow. I have a test, so I totally can't cut class, and besides, what do you need that stuff for?† And she's all, â€Å"Find the tools and come now. Tommy is stuck in the statue and we need to get him out.† And I'm thinking, Oops. But I'm chill and I'm like, â€Å"Can't he get out the same way you did?† And the Countess is all, â€Å"Tommy doesn't know how to turn to mist. That's how I escaped, but Tommy has been trapped in there for-how long, Abby?† â€Å"Oh, like a couple of days. It's all so foggy, after the head trauma.† Then I hear her saying, like, â€Å"Jared, come over here. I want Abby to hear your neck snap.† â€Å"Okay, like five weeks. Fuck, Countess, overreact much?† â€Å"Come now, Abby.† And she just clicks off. So I text Foo: COUNTESS OUT, NEED HACKSAW PWRDRILL NOW And he's all: WTF? WTF? WTF? OUT? WTF? ACE HARDWARE, CASTRO ST (I know. Four WTFs! Foo has deep intellectual curiosity. Last week he quizzed me for twenty minutes on what it was like to have a clitoris. I just kept saying â€Å"nice.† I know, I'm such a tard, I couldn't think of anything else. I so have to learn French. They have like thirty-seven words for clitoris. They're like snow to Eskimos, only you know, harder to build an igloo out of.) ‘Kayso, I text him: KTXBYE †¹3 And I tell Ronnie to tell Mom that I think I got some anthrax on my toothbrush and I have to go to Walgreens to get a new one so I'll be right back. Then I put on my jacket with the sun warts, in case of vampyre kitties and whatnot, and I take the F car up to Castro Street and go to Ace Hardware. And I'm totally feeling the animosity coming off the Builder Bob guy in the red apron, and I'm like, â€Å"What? You've never seen a wedding dress?† And he's all, â€Å"No, I love the dress, the jacket, the whole ensem is fabulous.† And I'm like, â€Å"Really? Thanks. Your apron rocks. I need a hacksaw and a power drill.† And he's all, â€Å"What's it for?† And I'm all, â€Å"You want a note from my mom? A fucking hacksaw and a power drill. I'm on a schedule.† And he's all, â€Å"I asked because we have over thirty different kinds of power drills.† And I'm like, â€Å"Oh. I need to release my Dark Lord from the bronze shell in which I imprisoned him.† And he's, â€Å"Oh, you should have said so.† And he leads me to the drill boutique and I picked out a red and black one that matched my dress, and Bob picked out a hacksaw which totally clashed, but I didn't want to hurt his feelings, so I said it was trs beau, which is French for sweet. ‘Kayso, as I'm paying for my stuff, I go, â€Å"So, why are you guys still open at midnight?† And Bob goes, â€Å"Well, you know how it is, you never know when someone is going to need to free their dark lord in the middle of the night, or tie him up.† And I'm all, â€Å"Ewww.† Because I do not go for that shit. I am only into S and bondage as it applies to wardrobe. I tried cutting myself to express my heartbreak over Tommy (Lord Flood) rejecting me, but OMFG it hurts like flaming fuck. I mean, I'm into self-mutilations as much as the next person-I have eight piercings and five tattoos, some that hurt like double flaming fuck to get, but that was professional, and you can blame someone. In fact, I know a guy in the Haight who will tattoo you for free if you're a girl and you keep yelling at him the whole time, which, it turns out, isn't that hard to do when someone is poking you with an electric needle. When he did my bat wings I screamed at him so much I lost my voice for two days. ‘Kayso, I took the F car across town and the three blocks from Market to the loft, but like holding the button on my sun wart jacket in case I got ambushed by Chet and his vampyre kitty pals, because I totally can't run in my wedding dress because the buckles of my motocross platforms get caught in the lace, so it's like, stand and fight or die, bitches! But no vamp kitties came. Anyway, I make it to the loft and I come in all, â€Å"Hey Countess, here's your drill!† All Carebear-on-crack-perky, although that might have been a mistake, because it's a proven fact that it's easier to murder the perky. And I'm sort of, WTF vampyress? Because she's not her normal self, which is like hemophiliac hawt, but she's like printer-paper pale. And I totally ignore the fact that she's wearing one of my long skirts and my black bustier without even asking, and it's bustiering her way more than it does me, which is kind of rude. And I'm all, â€Å"Countess, are you okay? You look kind of pale.† And Jared is all, â€Å"You should have seen her before she drank those blood bags.† And I'm suddenly feeling all poop on a stick, because it's obvious that she's all gone snowflake because she's been locked up without feeding. So I'm like, â€Å"Sorry. I just wanted you guys to be together for eternity, and it didn't sound like that's how it was going to happen.† And she's like, â€Å"Later, Abby.† And she just takes the tools from me and goes over to the statue and starts drilling and sawing and whatnot. So I'm like, â€Å"How did you get out?† And she's all, â€Å"Rat boy was dancing and nicked the casting with his dagger.† And Jared's all, â€Å"I wasn't dancing. I had some espresso and I was telling them my novel and I lost my balance on your stupid boots.† And I'm all, â€Å"You can't give him caffeine, Countess. His aunt gave him a hundred-dollar Starbucks card for Christmas and we had to have an intervention.† And Jody pauses and looks back at me, her eyes looking all emerald-like, because except for her hair, she has no color in her face and she's like, â€Å"Tommy didn't know how to turn to mist, Abby. I never had a chance to teach him before you bronzed us. He's been trapped in here, fully conscious, for five weeks.† And I'm like backing away, because I've seen the Countess pissed off before, like when the Animals kidnapped Tommy and she had to kick their asses to get him back, but now she's all jaw tightened like she's keeping herself from tearing my arms off or something. So I sort of feel for the button on the cuff of my sun jacket. Not like I was going to fry the Countess, because I wouldn't do that, but just for security. And she just snaps her hand out and before I can move she's pulled the battery out of my inside pocket and ripped off the wire leads. I mean like faster than you can blink. So I'm like, â€Å"I wasn't going to light it up.† And she's all, â€Å"Just to be safe.† But I'm not feeling safe. And I can tell that Jared isn't feeling safe because he's sort of sniffling like he's going to start crying. And Jody is sawing on the bronze like a crazy person-on the side where she used to be, so she doesn't cut Tommy-and finally she has, like, enough sawed away that she can pull a piece away and look in. And she's all, â€Å"Tommy, we're going to get you out of there. I have to be careful, but I'll get you out of there soon.† And Jared is like, â€Å"Do you need a flashlight?† And Jody is like, â€Å"No, I can see.† And Jared is all, â€Å"Is he dead?† And right then Jody snaps a hacksaw blade and goes, â€Å"Well of course he's dead, he's a vampyre.† And I'm all, â€Å"Duh? Tard.† As I hand Jody another blade. I have to say, that for someone with super powers and immortality, the Countess kind of sucks ass with tools. I guess the dark gift doesn't include home improvement skills. ‘Kayso, after about an hour the Countess pulls a big piece off the statue, revealing Tommy's face and torso and whatnot, and he's just stuck there, not moving, not opening his eyes, and even whiter than the Countess, kind of a light bruise-blue color. And Jared is all, â€Å"He dead?† And Jody is like kind of between a scream and a sob, and she's like, â€Å"Get me another blood bag, Jared. And Abby, where the fuck are my clothes?† And a little blood tear runs down her cheek. And I'm like, â€Å"Uh-oh.† Because now I realize why she's wearing my clothes. When Foo and I moved in we put all of Tommy and Jody's clothes in vacuum bags under the bed. So I'm like, â€Å"What do you want to wear, Countess? I'll get it. I mean, you can wear my stuff any time you want, because I am your faithful minion, but you have been endowed by your creator with significantly more boobage and junk in the trunk than me, no offense, and my stuff doesn't exactly fit you. No offense.† And Jared is all, â€Å"She had your Emily hoody on over that but it got blood all over it.† Not helping at all. â€Å"Hey, who wants a latte?† And the Countess snarled at Jared, full frontal fangs and all. And Jared jumped back and turned his ankle. And I'm like, â€Å"Oh shit!† And she barks, â€Å"Blood!† And Jared and I are all, â€Å"Coming right up. Oh shit. Oh shit. Oh shit.† And I bring her the bag of blood and she tears it open with her teeth and just pours it over his lips and in his mouth and nothing happens. And Jody is crying and getting louder and Jared and I are getting more and more freaked out and even all the rats in their little boxes are freaking out and running around in circles and whatnot. And finally Tommy's eyes pop open, and they're like crystal blue, like ice, not like eyes, and he screams, and I swear to fucking zombie Jebus, the whole wall of windows in the loft just shattered in the frames. So Jared and I are all bent over in the corner, covering our ears, and Tommy comes flying out of the statue. You can hear his leg bones cracking like pretzels as he pulls them out, but he scurries on his hands, knocking rats and furniture every which way, coming right at me, fangs first. And I go to reach for the button on my sleeve, but he's on me, biting my neck. He's so strong it's like trying to fight a statue, and I can hear Jody screaming, and the skin on my neck tearing in shreds. And my vision is like tunneling down to dark, and I'm thinking, I'm fucking dying? What the fuck's up with that? Then there's this loud clang, like a bell, and I feel Tommy pulled off me. And light sort of comes back on. I can see the Countess standing there, holding Foo's stainless-steel floor lamp like it's a lance, and she's obviously just smacked Tommy with it hard enough to knock him off of me. But instead of going at her, he comes scurrying right back at me, smearing blood all over the floor and everything. And the Countess catches him by the neck from behind and swings him around and out through the broken windows, and the metal frames and everything go with him. So there's the scream again, and I'm holding my neck, and I sort of crawl to the big hole that used to be the front wall of the loft, and Tommy is in the middle of the street below, naked, in a big splash of metal and glass, and he's like crawling up the side of a car to his feet. And Jody's beside me. And she's all, â€Å"Tommy! Tommy!† But he's limping off down the alley across the street, walking like his legs are still broken, but maybe healing or something as he goes, but hurting like holy-fuck. So Jody takes my head and turns it to the side and pulls my hand away from the bite. And I feel like I'm going to pass out. But she bends down and licks my neck, like three times, then puts my hand back on the wound. â€Å"Hold that. It'll heal in a second.† Then she shook me and was all, â€Å"Now, where the fuck are my clothes?† And I'm all, â€Å"Under the bed. Vacuum bags.† I think I passed out then, because next thing I remember, the Countess is standing there in jeans and boots and her red leather jacket, and she's stuffing bags of blood into my biohazard messenger bag. And she's all, â€Å"I'm taking this.† And I'm all, â€Å"‘Kay.† Then I'm like, â€Å"You saved me.† â€Å"I'm taking half the money, too,† she said. I'm all, â€Å"You can't go. Where will you go? Who will take care of you?† â€Å"Like you did?† she says. â€Å"I'm so sorry,† I said. And she's all, â€Å"I know. I have to find him. I brought him into this. He never wanted any of this. He just wanted someone to love him.† So she starts to leave, without even saying good-bye, and I'm all, â€Å"Countess, wait, there's vampyre cats.† And she stops. And she turns all, â€Å"Whaaaa?† And Jared is all nodding and going, â€Å"Really. Really.† And I'm, â€Å"Chet turned a bunch of kitties into vampyre kitties. They attacked the Emperor last night and they ate a meter maid.† And she was all, â€Å"Oh, for fuck's sake.† And I'm all, â€Å"I know, I know.† Then she was gone. And Jared was like in the middle of catching some escaped rats and he's all, â€Å"You guys are going to totally lose your security deposit.† Jody is just gone. Gone. On her own in the night. It's like Lord Byron said in that poem â€Å"Darkness.† Darkness had no need Of aid from them- She was the Universe. I'd like to go bone my sister now. I'm paraphrasing.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Marx And The German Ideology - 874 Words

‘It is not consciousness that determines life, but life that determines consciousness’ (Marx, The German Ideology). Discuss. The life determines consciousness motif presented by Marx in the German Ideology is a representation of his view on ideological beliefs, which misrepresent the world to subjects. The theory also explains how economical life influences thinking, through notions such as interests. In this essay I will discuss the claim made above by Marx through looking at what he meant by the terms ‘life’ and ‘consciousness’. Having then looked at how life influences our thinking, I will explain the significance of the notion of interests. This will build up to the latter half of the essay where I will look at how Marx is presented with a self-defeating worry. From this, I will provide my response by explaining how life determines consciousness, concluding that Marx’s theory isn’t self-defeating and his meaning is intact. I will begin by outlining Marx’s general argument for the way economical life influences our thinking. Marx’s view of human consciousness centers on his materialist method, which looks at how the economic and social life of man, influence his actual life and his thinking . Marx’s view is thus in direct contrast to German philosophy, since he holds thoughts as being determined by extra mental entities which is our consciousness, and this is what we use to define ourselves. The notion is borrowed from his teacher Hegel, for whom consciousness was aShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx on the German Ideology843 Words   |  3 PagesKarl Marx on the German Ideology: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels collaborated to produce The German Ideology, which was one of the classic texts generated by the two. Even though The German Ideology stands our as one of the major texts produced by the two, it was never published during Marx’s lifetime. 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Marx and Engels both formed the theory that it isn’t what we think that decides out reality, it is instead our reality that decides what it is that we are capable of thinking. It is in essence the idea that we as human beings are refined not by what we think, but by our reality, which in turn decides the capabilityRead MoreKarl Marx s View On Race And Ethnicity865 Words   |  4 PagesRace is rarely mentioned by the three early proponents of the field of sociology, Karl Marx, Emiele Durkheim and Max Weber. However, when it is cited, these sociologists voiced very diverse opinions on the matter of race and oppression. Marx regarded race as vestige of the pre-industrial era and thus, would be superseded by â€Å"reductionism† (Cite). Emiele Durkheim believed race, which he referred to as â€Å"ethnicity,† was a factor in connecting an individual to a subgroup of society, but played littleRead MoreSocial Class Differences On The Long Run Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesperiod after that. The results of this study suggest that social class differences may be growing in the long run. This paper will examine this graph from the perspectives of both Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Using Marx and Smith’s findings in German Ideology and Wealth of Nations, this paper will discuss Marx and Smith’s main theories on capitalism and describe how these theories can be applied to the interpretation of the graphs in the study â€Å"Inequality in the Long Run.† This paper will also discuss theRead MoreThe Nazi Ideology Of National Socialism1355 Words   |  6 Pagesand agreeably answered by the Germans. Some, like Adolf Hitler, believed the Jews were an untrustworthy and tainted breed and, ultimately, should be terminated. This leads to the Nazi ideology of National Socialism. A philosopher by the name Martin Buber believed that Judaism was more than a nation and could not solely behave as one. On the contrary, Bruno Bauer proposed that Je ws cut their religious ties all together and become politically emancipated while Karl Marx critiques this idea and proposesRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but later

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Climate Change A Major Issue For Life On Earth - 1690 Words

Climate change has been a major issue for life on earth for a long time. Climate change is the changes in the climate of the earth brought on by human activities that affect the content of our atmosphere. Climate change is affected by the greenhouse gas emissions of humans and animals. There have been many proposed solutions to climate change one being Emission trading where organizations would pay a fee based on how much greenhouse gasses they created. This solution did not work for a plethora of reasons some being that tracking the amount of emissions is difficult, and people felt that it was unfair. Climate change can be solved by changing our modes of transportation, changing how we get our electricity, and by changing our diets. Transportation plays a huge role in our lives, but it also contributes greatly to climate change. The efficiency of transportation is something that is being improved, but certain modes of transportation are less efficient than other forms due to their n ature. To increase the efficiency of transport in city support for bicycling and electric buses needs to be created. Public transportation such as Buses has been shown to be much more efficient than people using individual vehicles to take them places. This is because a bus can carry more people per square foot than a car can. Although buses help save on gas emissions there are improvements that can be made. Introducing electric buses would further reduce the amount of greenhouse gassesShow MoreRelatedThe Political Dialog Of Conservation And Power Over The Earth1589 Words   |  7 Pagesthe issue of climate change. Creation care is the idea that God calls Christians to care for the Earth. Even though all Christians acknowledge that God created the Earth, not everyone agrees about the responsibilities Christians have for this creation. In Genesis 1:28, â€Å"God blessed them, and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.† ForRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On People s Habitat And Safety790 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Climate changing is a serious issue for humanity and all the living creature on the earth. These days, more and more scientists and climatologists indicate the climate and our environment suffer the huge change. For all the humanity, the influences become more and more significant. Climate’s change definitely impacts People’s habitat and safety. Why is the climate important to us? Because of the climate change, people will live in danger. Climate will affect the whole ecosystems, notRead MoreHow Climate Change Affects Us1565 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain how climate change affects us, what it has done in our past and what effects it will have on our future. Climate change is something that is happening as we speak, however, many people in our society are completely unaware of what is causing it and how it can affect the earth. Charts from NASA and The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will give a visual of how the temperatures have changed in recent years and how they will be changing in the future. Future Climate Change ForecastRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Trend Of Continuing Increases1618 Words   |  7 PagesLogan High School Global Warming Marcus Bourlard US Government Mrs. Sidhu 12/9/15 Global warming is the trend of continuing increases in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. It has a parallel effect of climate change in our planet earth which will be disastrous to the health of the people and ecosystem if not reduced to a minimum level. One of the primary causes of global warming is the burning of coal which is the most carbon rich of all fossil fuels used to produceRead MoreClimate Change Is A Real Threat1105 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change is a Real Threat â€Å"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think it is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.† This quote from Bill Nye illustrates the serious nature of climate change. Climate change is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature of our environment. A majority of scientists suspectRead MoreHuman Activity Over The Last Century1208 Words   |  5 Pageslast century have caused major detrimental changes to the climate with carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere. These changes to the worlds ecosystems and could involve key human health problems. There is worldwide scientific consensus and proof that climate change is real, evidence proves there has been 7 cycles of glacial advance and retreat, since the beginning of the modern climate 650,000 years ago . The evidence of our changing climate is from many forms of dataRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On Our Earth1676 Words   |  7 Pagesadd to the destruction of our Earth. These issues include air, water, and environmental problems that we, as a global society, contribute to everyday. These concerns create major impacts that pertains to much of the globe and the world in which we inhabit today, compared to the world we lived in 50 years ago. Frequent statements that contribute to the overall thought of global warming include the following: how the community supplies detrimental factors to the Earth to cause global warming, and howRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of global climate change is one of the most popular debates in modern day society. For decades, scientists have been battling to find the source of our global climate change. This matter brings to us whether or not humans are accelerating the process of global climate ch ange. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalness of the Earth’s cycle. AccordingRead MoreIs Global Climate Man Made?1491 Words   |  6 PagesVetter 15 July 2015 Man vs. Nature Is Global Climate Man-made? One of the largest global conflicts of modern day society is the issue of global climate change. Throughout the years, the most notable modern research has been the recognition that humans activities are most likely accelerating the process of global climate change. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalnessRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1123 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change is a Serious Problem to the Planet â€Å"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think it is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.† This quote from Bill Nye illustrates the serious nature of climate change. Climate change is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature and weather in our environment